George (Plantagenet), Duke of Clarence

1449 - 1478  (28 years)

• Name	George (Plantagenet)  [1]
  Suffix	Duke of Clarence
  Born	21 Oct. 1449	Dublin Castle, Dublin, Ireland   [1, 2]
  Christened	Church of St. Saviour, Dublin, Ireland   [1, 2]
  Gender	Male
  Decoration	1461  [2]
  	Knight of the Garter (K.G.)
  Decoration	27 June 1461  [2]
  	Knight of the Order of the Bath (K.B.)
  Hereditary Title	28 June 1461	London, Middlesex, England   [2]
  	Duke of Clarence [E., 1461]
  	He was created Duke of Clarence at the same time that his younger brother, Richard, was created Duke of Gloucester, which was done "cingendo sibi gladium ac per apposicionem cappe capiti suo." This took place in London on St. Peter's Day (Sunday, 28 June) 1461. (Issue Rolls, Easter 2 Edw. IV, m. 3). He was first summoned to Parliament as Duke of Clarence, 28 Feb. 1466/7. (Vicary Gibbs) [2]
  Office	20 May 1472  [2]
  	Great Chamberlain of England
  Hereditary Title	25 March 1471/72 – 8 Feb. 1477/78  [2]
  	[17th or 1st] Earl of Warwick [E., 1088, jure uxoris; or 1472, suo jure]
  Hereditary Title	25 March 1471/72 – 8 Feb. 1477/78  [2]
  	[7th or 1st] Earl of Salisbury [E., 1337, jure uxoris; or 1472, suo jure]
  Office	Feb. 1461/62 – March 1469/70, and (again) 1472  [2]
  	Chief Governor of Ireland
  Died	18 Feb. 1477/78	Tower of London, London, Middlesex, England   [1]
  Person ID	I368	British Peerage & Gentry
  Last Modified	30 June 2018

  
  

  Father	Richard (Plantagenet), 3rd Duke of York,   b. 22 Sept. 1411,   d. 30 Dec. 1460, Sandal Magna, Wakefield, Yorkshire, England  (Age 49 years)
  Mother	Lady Cecily Neville,   b. 3 May 1415,   d. June 1495  (Age 80 years)
  Married	1429  [3]
  Family ID	F190	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

  Family	Lady Isabel Neville,   b. 5 Sept. 1451, Warwick Castle, Warwick, Warwickshire, England ,   d. 22 Dec. 1476, Warwick Castle, Warwick, Warwickshire, England  (Age 25 years)
  Married	11 July 1469	Calais, France   [1, 2, 4]
  Notes	"Clarence and Isabel were married at Calais on 11 July 1469 in a splendid ceremony attended by five knights of the Garter and solemnized by Warwick's brother Archbishop Neville." [1]
  Children	1. unnamed (Plantagenet),   b. 1470, At Sea off Calais, France ,   d. 1470, At Sea off Calais, France  (Age 0 years)   2. Edward (Plantagenet), 17th Earl of Warwick,   b. Feb. 1474/75, Warwick Castle, Warwick, Warwickshire, England ,   d. 28 Nov. 1499, Tower Hill, London, Middlesex, England  (Age ~ 24 years) + 3. Saint Margaret (Plantagenet), suo jure Countess of Salisbury,   b. 14 Aug. 1473, Farley Castle, Farleigh Hungerford, Somerset, England ,   d. 27 May 1541, Tower of London, London, Middlesex, England  (Age 67 years)   4. Richard (Plantagenet),   b. 1476,   d. 1476  (Age 0 years)
  Last Modified	30 June 2018
  Family ID	F191	Group Sheet  |  Family Chart

  
  

• Heraldry

  Arms of George (Plantagenet), 1st Duke of Clarence As a royal duke, Clarence bore a differenced version of the coat of arms of the kingdom. France and England quarterly, a label of three points argent, each charged with a canton gules. (From MS. Harl. 521.) Source: A. C. Fox-Davies, A Complete Guide to Heraldry, rev. J. P. Brooke-Little (1969), p. 379.

  
  

• Notes

  Death by malmsey "The king certainly led the prosecution of his brother. Edward may, however, have later repented: he had to be pushed into proceeding with Clarence's execution; he provided for an expensive funeral, monument, and chantry foundation at Tewkesbury Abbey; and he is alleged to have bewailed Clarence's death. One modern study regards Clarence's death as a judicial murder organized by the family of the queen, who persuaded King Edward to participate against his better judgement. If the queen really regarded Clarence as a threat to the succession of her son, certainly his removal substantially strengthened the king's authority over his greater subjects, as the Crowland continuator alleged. "There is no doubt that Clarence was executed for treason in the Tower of London on 18 February 1478. It appears, however, that he was neither hanged nor beheaded, as was normal, but was drowned in a butt of malmsey wine (sweet wine imported from Greece). This strange story occurs in the earliest reports, of Jean de Roye and Mancini, and was evidently known to the Crowland continuator, who declares himself uncertain. No chronicler suggests any other mode of death." --Oxford D.N.B. (Michael Hicks)

  
  

• Sources

  [S9] Oxford D.N.B., H. C. G. Matthew (ed.), (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), M. Hicks, "George, duke of Clarence (1449-1478), prince". [S22] The Complete Peerage, G. E. Cokayne, with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden (eds.), (Alan Sutton Publishing, 1910–59; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, 2000), volume III (1913), page 260. [S9] Oxford D.N.B., H. C. G. Matthew (ed.), (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), C. Harper-Bill, "Cecily [Cicely] [née Cecily Neville], duchess of York (1415–1495), Yorkist matriarch". [S2] BP 2003, Charles Mosley (ed.), (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd., 2003), volume 1, page 17.